Travel health

Travel Vaccines During Pregnancy: What's Safe, What to Avoid, and How to Decide

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Inactivated travel vaccines are generally considered safe during pregnancy, while live vaccines — including yellow fever and MMR — are typically avoided because of a theoretical risk to the fetus. The right choice depends on actual disease risk at your destination, so consult your OB or midwife and a travel medicine clinician before your trip.

Last updated: July 2026History

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Why does pregnancy change the vaccine decision?

Pregnancy introduces a second person — the developing fetus — into every risk-benefit calculation. For most inactivated vaccines, there is no evidence of harm to pregnancy and some are actively recommended (flu, Tdap) because they protect both the pregnant person and the newborn. Live vaccines introduce a small, theoretical concern: a live but weakened pathogen could, in rare situations, cross the placenta. This is largely theoretical for most live vaccines, but it is enough that they are generally avoided unless the disease risk at the destination is high enough that the benefit clearly outweighs that theoretical risk 1.

Which vaccines are generally considered safe during pregnancy?

Inactivated vaccines are usually compatible with pregnancy. Relevant examples for travelers include 12:

  • Inactivated influenza vaccine — recommended during any trimester
  • Hepatitis A vaccine (inactivated) — generally considered safe 3
  • Hepatitis B vaccine — recommended if at risk
  • Typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine (inactivated) — generally considered safe; oral typhoid is a live vaccine and is avoided 4
  • Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
  • Tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Tdap) — recommended during each pregnancy
  • Meningococcal vaccines

That said, every decision should be individualized. Your clinician will weigh your trimester, your health, and the specific risks at your destination. This list is general guidance, not a personal recommendation.

Which vaccines are typically avoided during pregnancy?

Live attenuated vaccines are generally avoided 1:

  • Yellow fever vaccine — a live vaccine that many sub-Saharan African and South American countries require for entry
  • MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
  • Varicella (chickenpox)
  • Oral typhoid vaccine

Yellow fever deserves particular attention. If you are traveling to a yellow fever–endemic area, your care team must weigh the genuine risk of yellow fever infection — which can be severe during pregnancy — against the theoretical risk of the live vaccine 15. In some cases, a medical waiver letter may be issued instead; in others, the vaccine may still be recommended. This is a nuanced, individualized decision, not a blanket rule.

What other travel health risks matter during pregnancy?

Vaccines are only part of the picture. Several other risks deserve careful attention:

Malaria is a serious concern. Malaria in pregnancy carries meaningful risks for both the pregnant person and the fetus, and not all antimalarial medications are safe in every trimester 6. Prevention with mosquito nets and repellents is important alongside any medication your care team approves.

Zika virus is a reason to reconsider or postpone travel to affected regions during pregnancy entirely. There is no vaccine, and infection can cause serious birth defects. Check current CDC advisories for your destination.

Travelers' diarrhea treatment options are more limited during pregnancy — some antibiotics typically used are not safe.

Access to obstetric care at your destination matters. How far are you from a hospital with obstetric capability? Travel insurance and medical evacuation coverage become especially important during pregnancy 1.

How should you plan the pre-travel appointment?

Schedule a pre-travel consultation at least four to six weeks before departure — some vaccines need multiple doses or time to become effective 1.

Bring: - Your full itinerary (countries, specific regions, duration, stopovers) - Your obstetric records or a summary of your pregnancy history - Your existing vaccination records - A list of current medications and supplements - Your departure date so the clinician can assess timing and dose spacing

The conversation benefits from both your OB or midwife and a travel medicine specialist, since decisions at the intersection of obstetrics and travel medicine are complex. Your primary care clinician can coordinate this review and help connect you with the right specialist.

Common questions

Hepatitis A is an inactivated vaccine and is generally considered safe during pregnancy. If travel to a hepatitis A–endemic area genuinely warrants vaccination, your care team will weigh the benefit against any individual considerations. This should be confirmed with your OB or travel medicine clinician for your specific situation.

This requires an individualized discussion with your care team. Yellow fever vaccine is a live vaccine generally avoided in pregnancy, but yellow fever itself carries serious risks in pregnancy. Depending on your destination and risk level, your clinician may recommend the vaccine anyway, issue a medical waiver letter, or advise postponing the trip. The decision depends on your specific itinerary and risk profile.

Some antimalarial medications are considered safer in pregnancy than others, and the right choice depends on your destination and trimester. This requires a careful discussion with a travel medicine clinician and your OB. Not all medications used for malaria prevention are appropriate during pregnancy, and mosquito bite prevention remains essential regardless.

This depends on the destination, the trimester, and your individual health. Travel to areas with active Zika transmission is generally recommended to be postponed during pregnancy. High-risk destinations with limited obstetric care, or trips requiring live vaccines your clinician cannot safely give, may also warrant rescheduling. Your care team can help you weigh the specific risks for your situation.

The second trimester is generally considered the most comfortable time to travel, as the risk of miscarriage has decreased and the discomforts of late pregnancy have not yet started. However, the safety of travel depends much more on your destination, your health, and access to obstetric care than on trimester alone. Discuss your specific plans with your OB or midwife.

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When to seek care during or after travel

  • —Fever, rash, or joint pain after receiving any travel vaccine — contact your care team promptly
  • —Fever during or after travel to a malaria-endemic area — this is an obstetric emergency that requires same-day evaluation
  • —Preterm contractions, unusual changes in fetal movement, or vaginal bleeding while abroad — seek emergency obstetric care immediately
  • —Severe allergic reaction after any vaccine: difficulty breathing, throat tightening, hives — call 911

For a severe allergic reaction after vaccination — difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, rapid pulse, dizziness — call 911 immediately.

This article provides general health information only and is not a substitute for personalized medical advice from a licensed clinician. Vaccine recommendations during pregnancy depend on individual health history, destination, and timing. Consult your OB-GYN or midwife and a travel medicine specialist before making any vaccine decisions.

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References

  1. 1.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023). CDC Yellow Book 2024: Health Information for International Travel. Oxford University Press / CDC. link ✓General framework for travel vaccine safety in pregnancy, live versus inactivated vaccine classifications, and pre-travel planning timelines
  2. 2.Wodi AP, Issa AN, Moser CA, Cineas S (2025). Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommended Immunization Schedule for Adults Aged 19 Years or Older — United States, 2025. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7402a3 ✓Adult immunization schedule including Tdap and influenza recommendations during pregnancy
  3. 3.Nelson NP, Link-Gelles R, Hofmeister MG, Romero JR, Moore KL, Ward JW, Schillie SF (2018). Update: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of Hepatitis A Vaccine for Postexposure Prophylaxis and for Preexposure Prophylaxis for International Travel. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6743a5 ✓Hepatitis A vaccine recommendations for international travel, including safety in pregnancy
  4. 4.Jackson BR, Iqbal S, Mahon B; CDC (2015). Updated recommendations for the use of typhoid vaccine — Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. PMID 25811680 ✓Distinction between inactivated typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine (generally safe) and live oral typhoid vaccine (avoided in pregnancy)
  5. 5.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023). Yellow Fever — CDC Yellow Book 2024. CDC Travelers' Health. link ✓Yellow fever vaccine classification as live vaccine, country entry requirements, and guidance on medical waivers and risk-benefit considerations in pregnancy
  6. 6.Jacquerioz FA, Croft AM (2024). Drugs for preventing malaria in travellers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006491.pub2 ✓Evidence base for malaria prophylaxis drugs in travelers, informing the need for individualized selection in pregnancy

6 sources, numbered by first appearance. General health information, not medical advice. AI-assisted editorial content — every citation independently verified. Editorial policy

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